HICAS:
High Capacity Actively Controlled Steering
The state of the art 4 wheel steering system which features active control of the vehicle's rate of yaw to adjust the rear wheel angle in order to improve stability when cornering. Essentially adjusting the TOE IN of the rear tires to the opposite of what the front tires are doing inorder to improve cornering radius.
This is a picture of the HICAS system working on a Z32 (300zx)
Advantages:
HICAS is an excellent system for road and regular driving condition. Highway conditions make the car feel more stable since the system cators to everyday driving.
Disadvantages:
The HICAS system can be cumbersome when pushing your car to the limits. Many people are unsettled by this since it is out of the drivers control. Since the system was develped to produce smooth driving for day in and day out conditions. When it's taken to the track, the system seems sluggish as it can't keep up.
4 Wheel Steer Vehicles
The HICAS system was developed and implimented on the following models of 'S' chassis vehicles:
PS13 - Silvia (J) 91 - 93
RPS13 - 180sx (J) 91 - 96.5
KMS13 - 240sx (US) 91 - 93 (hatch only)
- avalible on all Canadian models
- only avalible with "handling" package in the US
- not avalible on coupe models in North America
Other vehicles:
Z32 - 300ZX (US) 90 - 96
Z32 - Fairlady Z (J) 90 - 98
A common misconception is that the Skyline's 4WS system is ATTESA, but the Skyline actually runs off of the second generation of HICAS called Super HICAS.
ATTESA came in the following models of Skylines:
BNR32 - Skyline (J) ATTESA
BNR33 - Skyline (J) ATTESA E-TS Pro v1.
BNR34 - Skyline (J) ATTESA E-TS Pro v2.