I read all the original Ian Fleming James Bond novels and short stories, as well as the first 7–8 John Gardner novels (he took over beginning in 1984) and a few of the Raymond Benson novels (the current James Bond author).
So…this is a solid answer, but not dispositive.
In the Bond universe, the 00s go all the way up to 0013.
There can be multiple people with the same number designation, although not at the same time — James Bond himself is not the first 007.
Of those:
006 was considered the best agent this side of 007. (Note: He was later identified as a traitor and killed in the film GoldenEye.)
008 and 0013 are the only ones designated as women (both still active); author Raymond Benson later revealed that the current 004 is also a woman.
Operatives with the 009 designation have been killed at least four times, in the films Octopussy and The World Is Not Enough, as well as in two of the comic books.
Many of the others were killed in action in the books, movies or both. A full list can be found in the James Bond Wiki, but in short:
002 — killed in The Man With the Golden Gun;
003 — Killed in A View to a Kill
004 — Killed in The Living Daylights
006 — Killed in GoldenEye
009 — Killed in Octopussy; another in The World Is Not Enough
0011— Vanished (presumed dead) in the novel Moonraker
0012 — Killed in the novel The World Is Not Enough
Still Active (with the caveat that theoretically all are still active as ones killed are replaced):
001
002 (new)
004 (new)
005
006 (new)
007 (new — Bond himself)
008
009 (new — intended owner of the Aston Martin DB10 shown in SPECTRE)
0010
0013
