D3stro
Legacy Member
Ma fille va avoir 12 ans en septembre. Nous en avons parlé et elle le veut, l'initiative vient d'elle.
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Fermez les frontières, un nouveau virus apparaît: La COVID-19
- Thread starter Jeremi01
- Start date
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D3stro
Legacy Member
Ça pis se logger pour jouer à Fortnite anywhere anytime! À elle les V-bucks.
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Les effets sur le mental des jeunes peut-être positif aussi, ça leur fait prendre conscience qu'ils font parti de la solution et font un geste concret pour contrer le virus, tourner la page. Pas mauvais.
En bas de 12 ans j'espère que ça irra pas jusqu'à là par contre.
Hahahaha hahahaha
Ça ne se peut pas esti
https://www.washingtonpost.com/worl...Fcae0rvv7xkmM4zdnyh7O6_w9nosnR9w880EJxWOhfXPk
Ça ne se peut pas esti
https://www.washingtonpost.com/worl...Fcae0rvv7xkmM4zdnyh7O6_w9nosnR9w880EJxWOhfXPk
lord_galathon
Well-known member
Matrix21
New member
RWDLover1
Moderator
J’ai bien dit possiblement...on parle de possible problème de système immunitaire mais ca reste qu’une théorie par manque d’information. Ca fait quand même depuis 2011 que ce type de vaccin est testé sans vraiment rien de négatif de prouvé.
C’est juste que si la science peut prouver qu’un vaccin traditionnel peut me donner la même protection alors pourquoi j’irais vers un arn? AZ performe mal contre les variants et j’ai 39 ans donc d’une manière ou d’une autre ce n’était pas une option. Avec J&J pour les 30 ans et plus la question devient pertinente.
m_falafel
New member
Les moins de 40 ans qui veulent se faire vacciner, ça ne vous stress pas de vous faire administrer un produit qui a skippé à peu près toutes les étapes normales de développement et de test des vaccins?! Une vaccin ça prends en moyenne 10-15 années de développement et de tests pour être approuvé par la FDA... Là soudainement on réussi à mettre ça en marché en à peu près un an et on devrait se garocher là-dessus sans se poser de questions?!
Je ne suis pas pro ou anti-vaccin, je suis juste en faveur de la pensée critique. Et mon jugement me dit que les moins de 40 ans courent plus de risque à se faire inoculer de quoi qui n’a pas passé par le processus de test rigoureux auquel les vaccins sont soumis en temps normal.
Sources: https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/vaccine-development-testing-and-regulation
Vaccine development is a long, complex process, often lasting 10-15 years and involving a combination of public and private involvement
Stages of Vaccine Development and Testing
In the United States, vaccine development and testing follow a standard set of steps. The first stages are exploratory in nature. Regulation and oversight increase as the candidate vaccine makes its way through the process.
First Steps: Laboratory and Animal Studies
Exploratory Stage
This stage involves basic laboratory research and often lasts 2-4 years. Federally funded academic and governmental scientists identify natural or synthetic antigens that might help prevent or treat a disease. These antigens could include virus-like particles, weakened viruses or bacteria, weakened bacterial toxins, or other substances derived from pathogens.
Pre-Clinical Stage
Pre-clinical studies use tissue-culture or cell-culture systems and animal testing to assess the safety of the candidate vaccine and its immunogenicity, or ability to provoke an immune response. Animal subjects may include mice and monkeys. These studies give researchers an idea of the cellular responses they might expect in humans. They may also suggest a safe starting dose for the next phase of research as well as a safe method of administering the vaccine.
Researchers may adapt the candidate vaccine during the pre-clinical state to try to make it more effective. They may also do challenge studies with the animals, meaning that they vaccinate the animals and then try to infect them with the target pathogen.
Many candidate vaccines never progress beyond this stage because they fail to produce the desired immune response. The pre-clinical stages often lasts 1-2 years and usually involves researchers in private industry.
IND Application
A sponsor, usually a private company, submits an application for an Investigational New Drug (IND) to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The sponsor describes the manufacturing and testing processes, summarizes the laboratory reports, and describes the proposed study. An institutional review board, representing an institution where the clinical trial will be conducted, must approve the clinical protocol. The FDA has 30 days to approve the application.
Once the IND application has been approved, the vaccine is subject to three phases of testing.
Next Steps: Clinical Studies with Human Subjects
Phase I Vaccine Trials
This first attempt to assess the candidate vaccine in humans involves a small group of adults, usually between 20-80 subjects. If the vaccine is intended for children, researchers will first test adults, and then gradually step down the age of the test subjects until they reach their target. Phase I trials may be non-blinded (also known as open-label in that the researchers and perhaps subjects know whether a vaccine or placebo is used).
The goals of Phase 1 testing are to assess the safety of the candidate vaccine and to determine the type and extent of immune response that the vaccine provokes. In a small minority of Phase 1 vaccine trials, researchers may use the challenge model, attempting to infect participants with the pathogen after the experimental group has been vaccinated. The participants in these studies are carefully monitored and conditions are carefully controlled. In some cases, an attenuated, or modified, version of the pathogen is used for the challenge.
A promising Phase 1 trial will progress to the next stage.
Phase II Vaccine Trials
A larger group of several hundred individuals participates in Phase II testing. Some of the individuals may belong to groups at risk of acquiring the disease. These trials are randomized and well controlled, and include a placebo group.
The goals of Phase II testing are to study the candidate vaccine’s safety, immunogenicity, proposed doses, schedule of immunizations, and method of delivery.
Phase III Vaccine Trials
Successful Phase II candidate vaccines move on to larger trials, involving thousands to tens of thousands of people. These Phase III tests are randomized and double blind and involve the experimental vaccine being tested against a placebo (the placebo may be a saline solution, a vaccine for another disease, or some other substance).
One Phase III goal is to assess vaccine safety in a large group of people. Certain rare side effects might not surface in the smaller groups of subjects tested in earlier phases. For example, suppose that an adverse event related to a candidate vaccine might occur in 1 of every 10,000 people. To detect a significant difference for a low-frequency event, the trial would have to include 60,000 subjects, half of them in the control, or no vaccine, group (Plotkin SA et al. Vaccines, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2008).
Vaccine efficacy is tested as well. These factors might include 1) Does the candidate vaccine prevent disease? 2) Does it prevent infection with the pathogen? 3) Does it lead to production of antibodies or other types of immune responses related to the pathogen?
Next Steps: Approval and Licensure
After a successful Phase III trial, the vaccine developer will submit a Biologics License Application to the FDA. Then the FDA will inspect the factory where the vaccine will be made and approve the labeling of the vaccine.
After licensure, the FDA will continue to monitor the production of the vaccine, including inspecting facilities and reviewing the manufacturer’s tests of lots of vaccines for potency, safety and purity. The FDA has the right to conduct its own testing of manufacturers’ vaccines.
Post-Licensure Monitoring of Vaccines
A variety of systems monitor vaccines after they have been approved. They include Phase IV trials, the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, and the Vaccine Safety Datalink.
Phase IV Trials
Phase IV trial are optional studies that drug companies may conduct after a vaccine is released. The manufacturer may continue to test the vaccine for safety, efficacy, and other potential uses.
VAERS
The CDC and FDA established The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System in 1990. The goal of VAERS, according to the CDC, is “to detect possible signals of adverse events associated with vaccines.” (A signal in this case is evidence of a possible adverse event that emerges in the data collected.) About 30,000 events are reported each year to VAERS. Between 10% and 15% of these reports describe serious medical events that result in hospitalization, life-threatening illness, disability, or death.
VAERS is a voluntary reporting system. Anyone, such as a parent, a health care provider, or friend of the patient, who suspects an association between a vaccination and an adverse event may report that event and information about it to VAERS. The CDC then investigates the event and tries to find out whether the adverse event was in fact caused by the vaccination.
The CDC states that they monitor VAERS data to
Detect new, unusual, or rare vaccine adverse events
Monitor increases in known adverse events
Identify potential patient risk factors for particular types of adverse events
Identify vaccine lots with increased numbers or types of reported adverse events
Assess the safety of newly licensed vaccines
Not all adverse events reported to VAERS are in fact caused by a vaccination. The two occurrences may be related in time only. And, it is probable that not all adverse events resulting from vaccination are reported to VAERS. The CDC states that many adverse events such as swelling at the injection site are underreported. Serious adverse events, according to the CDC, “are probably more likely to be reported than minor ones, especially when they occur soon after vaccination, even if they may be coincidental and related to other causes.”
VAERS has successfully identified several rare adverse events related to vaccination. Among them are
An intestinal problem after the first vaccine for rotavirus was introduced in 1999
Neurologic and gastrointestinal diseases related to yellow fever vaccine
Additionally, according to Plotkin et al., VAERS identified a need for further investigation of MMR association with a blood clotting disorder, encephalopathy after MMR, and syncope after immunization (Plotkin SA et al. Vaccines, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2008).
Vaccine Safety Datalink
The CDC established this system in 1990. The VSD is a collection of linked databases containing information from large medical groups. The linked databases allow officials to gather data about vaccination among the populations served by the medical groups. Researchers can access the data by proposing studies to the CDC and having them approved.
The VSD has some drawbacks. For example, few completely unvaccinated children are listed in the database. The medical groups providing information to VSD may have patient populations that are not representative of large populations in general. Additionally, the data come not from randomized, controlled, blinded trials but from actual medical practice. Therefore, it may be difficult to control and evaluate the data.
Rapid Cycle Analysis is a program of the VSD, launched in 2005. It monitors real-time data to compare rates of adverse events in recently vaccinated people with rates among unvaccinated people. The system is used mainly to monitor new vaccines. Among the new vaccines being monitored in Rapid Cycle Analysis are the conjugated meningococcal vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, MMRV vaccine, Tdap vaccine, and the HPV vaccine. Possible associations between adverse events and vaccination are then studied further.
In Conclusion
Vaccines are developed, tested, and regulated in a very similar manner to other drugs. In general, vaccines are even more thoroughly tested than non-vaccine drugs because the number of human subjects in vaccine clinical trials is usually greater. In addition, post-licensure monitoring of vaccines is closely examined by the Centers for Disease Control and the FDA.
.
Je ne suis pas pro ou anti-vaccin, je suis juste en faveur de la pensée critique. Et mon jugement me dit que les moins de 40 ans courent plus de risque à se faire inoculer de quoi qui n’a pas passé par le processus de test rigoureux auquel les vaccins sont soumis en temps normal.
Sources: https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/vaccine-development-testing-and-regulation
Vaccine development is a long, complex process, often lasting 10-15 years and involving a combination of public and private involvement
Stages of Vaccine Development and Testing
In the United States, vaccine development and testing follow a standard set of steps. The first stages are exploratory in nature. Regulation and oversight increase as the candidate vaccine makes its way through the process.
First Steps: Laboratory and Animal Studies
Exploratory Stage
This stage involves basic laboratory research and often lasts 2-4 years. Federally funded academic and governmental scientists identify natural or synthetic antigens that might help prevent or treat a disease. These antigens could include virus-like particles, weakened viruses or bacteria, weakened bacterial toxins, or other substances derived from pathogens.
Pre-Clinical Stage
Pre-clinical studies use tissue-culture or cell-culture systems and animal testing to assess the safety of the candidate vaccine and its immunogenicity, or ability to provoke an immune response. Animal subjects may include mice and monkeys. These studies give researchers an idea of the cellular responses they might expect in humans. They may also suggest a safe starting dose for the next phase of research as well as a safe method of administering the vaccine.
Researchers may adapt the candidate vaccine during the pre-clinical state to try to make it more effective. They may also do challenge studies with the animals, meaning that they vaccinate the animals and then try to infect them with the target pathogen.
Many candidate vaccines never progress beyond this stage because they fail to produce the desired immune response. The pre-clinical stages often lasts 1-2 years and usually involves researchers in private industry.
IND Application
A sponsor, usually a private company, submits an application for an Investigational New Drug (IND) to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The sponsor describes the manufacturing and testing processes, summarizes the laboratory reports, and describes the proposed study. An institutional review board, representing an institution where the clinical trial will be conducted, must approve the clinical protocol. The FDA has 30 days to approve the application.
Once the IND application has been approved, the vaccine is subject to three phases of testing.
Next Steps: Clinical Studies with Human Subjects
Phase I Vaccine Trials
This first attempt to assess the candidate vaccine in humans involves a small group of adults, usually between 20-80 subjects. If the vaccine is intended for children, researchers will first test adults, and then gradually step down the age of the test subjects until they reach their target. Phase I trials may be non-blinded (also known as open-label in that the researchers and perhaps subjects know whether a vaccine or placebo is used).
The goals of Phase 1 testing are to assess the safety of the candidate vaccine and to determine the type and extent of immune response that the vaccine provokes. In a small minority of Phase 1 vaccine trials, researchers may use the challenge model, attempting to infect participants with the pathogen after the experimental group has been vaccinated. The participants in these studies are carefully monitored and conditions are carefully controlled. In some cases, an attenuated, or modified, version of the pathogen is used for the challenge.
A promising Phase 1 trial will progress to the next stage.
Phase II Vaccine Trials
A larger group of several hundred individuals participates in Phase II testing. Some of the individuals may belong to groups at risk of acquiring the disease. These trials are randomized and well controlled, and include a placebo group.
The goals of Phase II testing are to study the candidate vaccine’s safety, immunogenicity, proposed doses, schedule of immunizations, and method of delivery.
Phase III Vaccine Trials
Successful Phase II candidate vaccines move on to larger trials, involving thousands to tens of thousands of people. These Phase III tests are randomized and double blind and involve the experimental vaccine being tested against a placebo (the placebo may be a saline solution, a vaccine for another disease, or some other substance).
One Phase III goal is to assess vaccine safety in a large group of people. Certain rare side effects might not surface in the smaller groups of subjects tested in earlier phases. For example, suppose that an adverse event related to a candidate vaccine might occur in 1 of every 10,000 people. To detect a significant difference for a low-frequency event, the trial would have to include 60,000 subjects, half of them in the control, or no vaccine, group (Plotkin SA et al. Vaccines, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2008).
Vaccine efficacy is tested as well. These factors might include 1) Does the candidate vaccine prevent disease? 2) Does it prevent infection with the pathogen? 3) Does it lead to production of antibodies or other types of immune responses related to the pathogen?
Next Steps: Approval and Licensure
After a successful Phase III trial, the vaccine developer will submit a Biologics License Application to the FDA. Then the FDA will inspect the factory where the vaccine will be made and approve the labeling of the vaccine.
After licensure, the FDA will continue to monitor the production of the vaccine, including inspecting facilities and reviewing the manufacturer’s tests of lots of vaccines for potency, safety and purity. The FDA has the right to conduct its own testing of manufacturers’ vaccines.
Post-Licensure Monitoring of Vaccines
A variety of systems monitor vaccines after they have been approved. They include Phase IV trials, the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, and the Vaccine Safety Datalink.
Phase IV Trials
Phase IV trial are optional studies that drug companies may conduct after a vaccine is released. The manufacturer may continue to test the vaccine for safety, efficacy, and other potential uses.
VAERS
The CDC and FDA established The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System in 1990. The goal of VAERS, according to the CDC, is “to detect possible signals of adverse events associated with vaccines.” (A signal in this case is evidence of a possible adverse event that emerges in the data collected.) About 30,000 events are reported each year to VAERS. Between 10% and 15% of these reports describe serious medical events that result in hospitalization, life-threatening illness, disability, or death.
VAERS is a voluntary reporting system. Anyone, such as a parent, a health care provider, or friend of the patient, who suspects an association between a vaccination and an adverse event may report that event and information about it to VAERS. The CDC then investigates the event and tries to find out whether the adverse event was in fact caused by the vaccination.
The CDC states that they monitor VAERS data to
Detect new, unusual, or rare vaccine adverse events
Monitor increases in known adverse events
Identify potential patient risk factors for particular types of adverse events
Identify vaccine lots with increased numbers or types of reported adverse events
Assess the safety of newly licensed vaccines
Not all adverse events reported to VAERS are in fact caused by a vaccination. The two occurrences may be related in time only. And, it is probable that not all adverse events resulting from vaccination are reported to VAERS. The CDC states that many adverse events such as swelling at the injection site are underreported. Serious adverse events, according to the CDC, “are probably more likely to be reported than minor ones, especially when they occur soon after vaccination, even if they may be coincidental and related to other causes.”
VAERS has successfully identified several rare adverse events related to vaccination. Among them are
An intestinal problem after the first vaccine for rotavirus was introduced in 1999
Neurologic and gastrointestinal diseases related to yellow fever vaccine
Additionally, according to Plotkin et al., VAERS identified a need for further investigation of MMR association with a blood clotting disorder, encephalopathy after MMR, and syncope after immunization (Plotkin SA et al. Vaccines, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2008).
Vaccine Safety Datalink
The CDC established this system in 1990. The VSD is a collection of linked databases containing information from large medical groups. The linked databases allow officials to gather data about vaccination among the populations served by the medical groups. Researchers can access the data by proposing studies to the CDC and having them approved.
The VSD has some drawbacks. For example, few completely unvaccinated children are listed in the database. The medical groups providing information to VSD may have patient populations that are not representative of large populations in general. Additionally, the data come not from randomized, controlled, blinded trials but from actual medical practice. Therefore, it may be difficult to control and evaluate the data.
Rapid Cycle Analysis is a program of the VSD, launched in 2005. It monitors real-time data to compare rates of adverse events in recently vaccinated people with rates among unvaccinated people. The system is used mainly to monitor new vaccines. Among the new vaccines being monitored in Rapid Cycle Analysis are the conjugated meningococcal vaccine, rotavirus vaccine, MMRV vaccine, Tdap vaccine, and the HPV vaccine. Possible associations between adverse events and vaccination are then studied further.
In Conclusion
Vaccines are developed, tested, and regulated in a very similar manner to other drugs. In general, vaccines are even more thoroughly tested than non-vaccine drugs because the number of human subjects in vaccine clinical trials is usually greater. In addition, post-licensure monitoring of vaccines is closely examined by the Centers for Disease Control and the FDA.
.
Perso je n'aurais pas peur du J&J, l'occurrence des thrombose est 2 fois plus rare que AZ mais surtout il a démontré qu'il est efficace contre les variants. C'est juste que ce vaccin est rare ici, j'attendrais pas non plus pour le J&J quand je peux avoir le Pfizer demain matin.
De mon coté je suis pro vaccin, j'ai eu tout les vaccins possibles et même plus (Prevnar 13, Gardasil, Twinrix, tetanos, varicelle, rougeole, name it) je suis aussi vacciné annuellement contre la grippe. Je ne suis pas encore Zombi, ça me fait aucunement peur. Des virus ça peut même donner le cancer (VPH entre autre), ça peut laisser des effets secondaire tel que la surdité, perte d'odorat et dommage pulmonaire permanent. Je doute que les effets "néfaste" du vaccin dépasse les séquelles que j'aurais eu en pognant l'hépatite, le VPH, Tetanos, pneumonie, grippe. J'ai pogné une grippe en 2017 qui a viré en pneumonie, j'ai perdu 10% de mon audition d'une oreille à cause de cette pneumonie, c'est léger comme perte mais parreil des virus ça peut amener des dommages. Maintenant je me pose même plus la question, je me fais vacciné contre la grippe, j'ai pas envie de perdre 10% d'audition à chaque année.
D3stro
Legacy Member
Exactement. Elle nous a mentionnée le vouloir pour en finir avec tout ça qu'elle était tannée de la situation.
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![Silvia[S15]ProJ](/forums/data/avatars/m/7/7396.jpg?1701035920){kind=avatar}
Silvia[S15]ProJ
Legacy Member
D'apres moi le covid est juste la pointe du iceberg du reste qui va suivre dans les années proches,on sait que bien assez vite on va frapper le mur du non retour coté nourriture pour l'être humain.
AsunaMAXXX
Legacy Member
le Best serait une petite guerre entre l'Inde et la Chine, l'Inde accuse la Chine pour le virus chinois , escalade , sanction , déploiement militaire etc
y'attendent quoi pour gérer leur population , en 30 ans l'Inde a doublé sa population
SRT-What?
Legacy Member
As-tu déjà fait de l'exctasy ou du speed ?
As tu déjà manger un tartar de boeuf ?
As-tu déjà conduit à plus de 120kmh ?
De quoi tu as peur au juste ?
Il à peur de traverser la rue à pied c’est dangereux lol
Daytona
Active member
Non le site semble avoir des problèmes. Des fois c'est inscrit qu'il y a des rendez-vous dans un délai de 7 jours et quand t'arrive pour réserver il y a rien. C'est au juste en début juin. Sinon c'est du Astrazeneca pour 45 ans et plus. Il est posssible que des nouvelles plages apparaissent sporadiquement lorsque des gens annulent leur rendez-vous. De toute façon c'est raisonnable comme délais.
Ils ajoutent continuellement des nouvelles places. Je viens de voir une couple de nouvelles pharmacies dans mon coin qui ont apparus avec de la place pour demain, j'ai réussit à me booker une place.